|
A grammar checker, in computing terms, is a program, or part of a program, that attempts to verify written text for grammatical correctness. Grammar checkers are most often implemented as a feature of a larger program, such as a word processor, but are also available as stand-alone application that can be activated from within programs that work with editable text. The implementation of a grammar checker makes use of natural language processing. ==History== The earliest “grammar checkers” were basically programs that checked for punctuation and style inconsistencies, rather than finding many actual grammatical errors. The first system was called Writer's Workbench, and was a set of writing tools included with Unix systems as far back as the 1970s.〔( M. Stutz: Living language. Retrieved May 16, 2009 )〕〔( A. Walker: ''The Linux Cookbook'' )〕 The whole ''Writer’s Workbench'' package included several separate tools to check for various writing problems. The ‘diction’ tool checked for wordy, trite, clichéd or misused phrases in a text. The tool would output a list of suspect phrases, and provide suggestions for improving the writing. The ‘style’ tool analyzed the writing style of a given text. It performed a number of readability tests on the text and output their results, and it gave some statistical information about the sentences of the text. Aspen Software of Albuquerque, NM, released the earliest version of a diction and style checker for personal computers, ''Grammatik'', in 1981. ''Grammatik'' was first available for a Radio Shack - TRS-80, and soon had versions for CP/M and the IBM PC. Reference Software of San Francisco, CA, acquired ''Grammatik'' in 1985. Development of ''Grammatik'' continued, and it became an actual grammar checker that could detect writing errors beyond simple style checking. Other early diction and style checking programs included ''Punctuation & Style'', ''Correct Grammar'', and ''RightWriter''. While all the earliest programs started out as simple diction and style checkers, all eventually added various levels of language processing, and developed some level of true grammar checking capability. Until 1992, grammar checkers were sold as add-on programs. There were still a large number of different word processing programs available at that time, with WordPerfect and Microsoft Word the top two in market share. In 1992, Microsoft decided to add grammar checking as a feature of Word and licensed CorrecText, a grammar checker from Houghton Mifflin that had not yet been marketed as a standalone product. WordPerfect answered Microsoft’s move by acquiring Reference Software, and the direct descendant of ''Grammatik'' is still included with WordPerfect. There are free and open-source grammar checking software like LanguageTool, which can be used from Wikimedia Labs onto Wikipedia articles.〔(LanguageTool instance on WikiMedia Labs )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「grammar checker」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|